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                                                 Feline Stomatitis

Cats can also be affected by inflammation of the entire mouth called stomatitis or lymphocytic plasmacytic syndrome (LPS). An immune related cause is suspected due to the large amount of plasma cells encountered on microscopic examination of the inflamed tissues. Many cats affected by (LPS) will be unable to eat, develop weight loss, and excess salivation. Oral examination often reveals a cobble stone-like redness in the throat area and severe inflammation where the tooth and gums meet. The premolar and molar areas are usually affected more than the canines and incisors. Intraoral x-rays often reveal moderate to severe periodontal disease. In addition to generalized inflammation, all stages of feline oral resorptive lesions may be present.

In the past, therapy options for feline stomatitis included thorough teeth cleaning and polishing, fluoride, corticosteroids, gold therapy, antibiotics, lasers and strict daily brushing . In most cases cats were only temporarily helped with these therapies.

Newer treatment options include general cleaning, polishing, application of fluoride, and extraction of those teeth affected by FORLs or severe periodontal disease. In addition, a home care program is begun. The client is instructed how to brush their cat's teeth daily followed by irrigation with .2% chlorhexidine. If the initial treatment does not succeed within 2 months, then all remaining teeth are removed behind the canines. Although somewhat radical, in most cases this will provide long term success.

FAQ: Feline Gingivostomatitis

What is FGS?

Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a severe oral disease that affects some cats where the body becomes allergic to plaque around the teeth. The allergic response appears as marked inflammation at the area where the tooth meets the gum line.

What causes FGS?

The specific cause of FGS is unknown. It is not related to feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, sex, spaying or neutering, or diet.

What are the signs of FGS?

Severe inflammation around the teeth exists with FGS. In many cases there are also inflammatory lesions in the back of the throat (stomatitis). Affected cats may have difficulty chewing hard food. Oral pain may cause a decrease in self grooming, resulting in a scruffy hair coat.

How is FGS diagnosed?

An examination usually reveals inflammation completely surrounding the teeth. The maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth are most commonly affected. In severe cases, the canines and incisors are also involved. In 20% of affected cats, the pharynx appears cobblestone red.

How is FGS treated?

There are many options that may give short-term response including antibiotics, steroids, laser therapy, as well as interferon and other immune modulators. Extraction of the teeth behind the canines will resolve between 60% to 80% of the stomatitis cases.

What is the prognosis for FGS?

With extraction of the teeth, the prognosis is good to excellent.